Mammography is a low-dose X-ray imaging procedure designed to detect breast cancer early in asymptomatic women (screening) or evaluate symptoms like lumps (diagnostic). It uses compression to visualize tissue for malignancies, such as calcifications or masses, and is crucial for reducing breast cancer mortality.
Key Aspects of Mammography
- Purpose: Primarily used for early detection of breast cancer, catching tumors before they are palpable.
- Procedure: Takes less than 30 minutes. The breast is placed on a platform and compressed by a plastic paddle to spread tissue, minimize movement, and improve image quality.
- Types: Digital mammography (standard) and 3D mammography (tomosynthesis) are common techniques, with 3D providing better visualization for dense breast tissue.
- Screening Recommendations: Generally recommended annually or every two years for women starting at age 40.
- Limitations & Risks: Possibility of false-positive results (indicating cancer when none exists) leading to anxiety or unnecessary tests, or false-negative results (missing cancer). It involves low-dose radiation.
- BI-RADS Classification: Radiologists use the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) to categorize findings from 0 (incomplete) to 6 (known cancer), aiding in standardized management.
Preparation Tips
- Schedule the exam one week after your menstrual period.
- Do not use deodorant, powder, or lotions on the day of the exam, as these can appear as white spots on the image.
- Bring previous mammogram images for comparison.